UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________
FORM 10-Q
______________________________
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended: March 31, 2011
Commission File Number 001-34506
______________________________
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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Maryland | | 27-0312904 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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601 Carlson Parkway, Suite 330 Minnetonka, Minnesota | | 55305 |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | | (Zip Code) |
(612) 238-3300
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer o | | Accelerated filer x | | Non-accelerated filer o | | Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of May 5, 2011 there were 69,257,344 shares of outstanding common stock, par value $.01 per share, issued and outstanding.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
INDEX
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| PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION | | |
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| PART II - OTHER INFORMATION | | |
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
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| March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
| (unaudited) | | |
ASSETS | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value | $ | 2,882,992 | | | $ | 1,354,405 | |
Trading securities, at fair value | 299,262 | | | 199,523 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | 302,263 | | | 163,900 | |
Total earning assets | 3,484,517 | | | 1,717,828 | |
Restricted cash | 38,991 | | | 22,548 | |
Accrued interest receivable | 11,010 | | | 5,383 | |
Due from counterparties | 21,459 | | | 12,304 | |
Derivative assets, at fair value | 106,153 | | | 38,109 | |
Other assets | 574 | | | 1,260 | |
Total Assets | $ | 3,662,704 | | | $ | 1,797,432 | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | |
Repurchase agreements | $ | 2,616,031 | | | $ | 1,169,803 | |
Accrued interest payable | 1,305 | | | 785 | |
Due to counterparties | 338,148 | | | 231,724 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 2,997 | | | 2,063 | |
Dividends payable | 16,200 | | | 10,450 | |
Other liabilities | 2,455 | | | 159 | |
Total liabilities | 2,977,136 | | | 1,414,984 | |
Stockholders’ Equity | | | | | |
Preferred stock, par value $0.01per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding | — | | | — | |
Common stock, par value $0.01per share; 450,000,000 shares authorized and 69,251,757 and 40,501,212 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 693 | | | 405 | |
Additional paid-in capital | 654,514 | | | 366,974 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 31,734 | | | 22,619 | |
Cumulative earnings | 52,397 | | | 30,020 | |
Cumulative distributions to stockholders | (53,770 | ) | | (37,570 | ) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 685,568 | | | 382,448 | |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 3,662,704 | | | $ | 1,797,432 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except share data)
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| Three Months Ended |
| March 31, |
| 2011 | | 2010 |
| (unaudited) |
Interest income: | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 19,535 | | | $ | 6,153 | |
Trading securities | 272 | | | — | |
Cash and cash equivalents | 63 | | | 6 | |
Total interest income | 19,870 | | | 6,159 | |
Interest expense | 2,499 | | | 518 | |
Net interest income | 17,371 | | | 5,641 | |
Other income: | | | |
Gain on investment securities, net | 1,539 | | | 1,197 | |
Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements | 1,939 | | | (1,547 | ) |
Gain on other derivative instruments | 5,347 | | | 946 | |
Total other income | 8,825 | | | 596 | |
Expenses: | | | |
Management fees | 1,550 | | | 457 | |
Other operating expenses | 1,512 | | | 987 | |
Total expenses | 3,062 | | | 1,444 | |
Net income before income taxes | 23,134 | | | 4,793 | |
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes | (757 | ) | | 534 | |
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 22,377 | | | $ | 5,327 | |
Basic and diluted earnings per weighted average common share | $ | 0.49 | | | $ | 0.40 | |
Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.40 | | | $ | 0.36 | |
Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock | 45,612,376 | | | 13,401,368 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except share data)
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| Common Stock | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | | Amount | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | | Cumulative Earnings | | Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders | | Total Stockholders' Equity |
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Balance, January 1, 2010 | 13,401,368 | | | $ | 134 | | | $ | 131,756 | | | $ | (950 | ) | | $ | (5,735 | ) | | $ | (3,484 | ) | | $ | 121,721 | |
Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5,327 | | | — | | | 5,327 | |
Net change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3,500 | | | — | | | — | | | 3,500 | |
Total other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3,500 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Total comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8,827 | |
Common dividends declared | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (4,825 | ) | | (4,825 | ) |
Non-cash equity award compensation | — | | | — | | | 33 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 33 | |
Balance, March 31, 2010 | 13,401,368 | | | $ | 134 | | | $ | 131,789 | | | $ | 2,550 | | | $ | (408 | ) | | $ | (8,309 | ) | | $ | 125,756 | |
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Balance, January 1, 2011 | 40,501,212 | | | $ | 405 | | | $ | 366,974 | | | $ | 22,619 | | | $ | 30,020 | | | $ | (37,570 | ) | | $ | 382,448 | |
Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 22,377 | | | — | | | 22,377 | |
Net change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities | — | | | — | | | — | | | 9,115 | | | — | | | — | | | 9,115 | |
Total other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 9,115 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Total comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | 31,492 | |
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs | 28,750,545 | | | 288 | | | 287,478 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 287,766 | |
Common dividends declared | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (16,200 | ) | | (16,200 | ) |
Non-cash equity award compensation | — | | | — | | | 62 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 62 | |
Balance, March 31, 2011 | 69,251,757 | | | $ | 693 | | | $ | 654,514 | | | $ | 31,734 | | | $ | 52,397 | | | $ | (53,770 | ) | | $ | 685,568 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
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| Three Months Ended |
| March 31, |
| 2011 | | 2010 |
| (unaudited) |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: | | | | | |
Net income | $ | 22,377 | | | $ | 5,327 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | |
Amortization of premiums and discounts on RMBS, net | 2,467 | | | 1,416 | |
Gain on investment securities, net | (1,539 | ) | | (1,197 | ) |
Gain on termination of interest rate swaps and swaptions | (1,253 | ) | | — | |
Unrealized (gain)/loss on interest rate swaps and swaptions | (3,838 | ) | | 1,129 | |
Unrealized gain on other derivative instruments | (1,971 | ) | | (656 | ) |
Equity based compensation expense | 62 | | | 32 | |
Net change in: | | | | |
(Increase)/decrease in accrued interest receivable | (5,627 | ) | | 79 | |
Decrease/(increase) in deferred income taxes, net | 482 | | | (526 | ) |
Increase in prepaid tax asset | — | | | (8 | ) |
Decrease/(increase) in prepaid expenses | 204 | | | (31 | ) |
Increase in accrued interest payable, net | 520 | | | 269 | |
Increase in income taxes payable, net | 275 | | | — | |
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities | 934 | | | 346 | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 13,093 | | | 6,180 | |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: | | | | | |
Purchases of available-for-sale securities | (1,636,366 | ) | | (58,965 | ) |
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities | 71,405 | | | 10,378 | |
Principal payments on available-for-sale securities | 44,659 | | | 26,164 | |
Purchases of other derivative instruments | (70,302 | ) | | (3,479 | ) |
Proceeds from sales of other derivative instruments | 11,342 | | | 16,618 | |
Purchases of trading securities | (299,337 | ) | | — | |
Proceeds from sales of trading securities | 199,500 | | | — | |
Increase/(decrease) in due to/from counterparties, net | 97,269 | | | (18,462 | ) |
Increase in restricted cash | (16,443 | ) | | (13,680 | ) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,598,273 | ) | | (41,426 | ) |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: | | | | | |
Proceeds from repurchase agreements | 3,131,249 | | | 458,203 | |
Principal payments on repurchase agreements | (1,685,022 | ) | | (420,135 | ) |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs | 287,766 | | | — | |
Dividends paid on common stock | (10,450 | ) | | (3,484 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 1,723,543 | | | 34,584 | |
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 138,363 | | | (662 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 163,900 | | | 26,105 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 302,263 | | | $ | 25,443 | |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | | | | |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 1,980 | | | $ | 249 | |
Cash paid for taxes | $ | 1 | | | $ | — | |
Non-Cash Financing Activity: | | | | | |
Dividends declared but not paid at end of period | $ | 16,200 | | | $ | 4,824 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Organization and Operations
Two Harbors Investment Corp., or the Company, is a Maryland corporation formed to invest primarily in residential mortgage-backed securities, or RMBS. The Company is externally managed and advised by PRCM Advisers LLC, a subsidiary of Pine River Capital Management L.P., or Pine River, a global multi-strategy asset management firm. The Company's common stock is listed on the NYSE and its warrants are listed on the NYSE Amex under the symbols “TWO” and “TWO.WS,” respectively.
The Company has elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with its initial taxable period ended December 31, 2009. As long as the Company continues to comply with a number of requirements under federal tax law and maintains its qualification as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that the Company distributes its taxable income to its stockholders on an annual basis and does not engage in prohibited transactions.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The interim unaudited financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, have been condensed or omitted according to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes, however, that the disclosures included in these interim financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The accompanying financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial condition of the Company at March 31, 2011 and results of operations for all periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2011 should not be construed as indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make a number of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates include estimates of fair value of certain assets and liabilities, amount and timing of credit losses, prepayment rates, the period of time during which the Company anticipates an increase in the fair values of real estate securities sufficient to recover unrealized losses in those securities, and other estimates that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of certain revenues and expenses during the reported period. It is likely that changes in these estimates (e.g., valuation changes due to supply and demand, credit performance, prepayments, interest rates, or other reasons) will occur in the near term. The Company's estimates are inherently subjective in nature and actual results could differ from its estimates and the differences may be material.
The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of all subsidiaries; inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
Recently Issued and/or Adopted Accounting Standards
Broad Transactions
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Accounting Standards Codification “ASC 820”). On January 21, 2010, the FASB issued an accounting standard update, or ASU, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820): Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements, which provides guidance on how investment assets and liabilities are to be valued and disclosed. Specifically, the amendment requires reporting entities to disclose: (i) the input and valuation techniques used to measure fair value for both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements, for Level 2 or Level 3 positions, (ii) transfers between all levels (including Level 1 and Level 2) on a gross basis (i.e., transfers out are disclosed separately from transfers in) as well as the reason(s) for the transfer and (iii) purchases, sales, issuances and settlements on a gross basis in the Level 3 rollforward, rather than as one net number. The effective date of the amendment is for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2009; however, the requirement to provide the Level 3 activity for purchases, sales, issuances and settlements on a gross basis is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The impact of adopting this ASU, including the Level 3 activity requirement, did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
Note 3. Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value
The following table presents the Company's available-for-sale, or AFS, investment securities by collateral type, which were carried at their fair value as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
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(in thousands) | March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | |
Agency | | | |
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | $ | 839,433 | | | $ | 396,888 | |
Federal National Mortgage Association | 1,443,406 | | | 556,609 | |
Government National Mortgage Association | 75,149 | | | 62,972 | |
Non-Agency | 525,004 | | | 337,936 | |
Total mortgage-backed securities | $ | 2,882,992 | | | $ | 1,354,405 | |
At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company pledged investment securities with a carrying value of $2.5 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, as collateral for repurchase agreements. See Note 9 - Repurchase Agreements.
At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company did not have any securities purchased from and financed with the same counterparty that did not meet the conditions of ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, to be considered linked transactions and therefore classified as derivatives.
The following tables present the amortized cost and carrying value (which approximates fair value) of AFS securities by collateral type as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
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| March 31, 2011 |
(in thousands) | Agency | | Non-Agency | | Total |
Face Value | $ | 2,995,682 | | | $ | 890,910 | | | $ | 3,886,592 | |
Unamortized premium | 76,126 | | | — | | | 76,126 | |
Unamortized discount | | | | | |
Designated credit reserve | — | | | (233,465 | ) | | (233,465 | ) |
Net, unamortized | (719,884 | ) | | (158,111 | ) | | (877,995 | ) |
Amortized Cost | 2,351,924 | | | 499,334 | | | 2,851,258 | |
Gross unrealized gains | 15,181 | | | 29,641 | | | 44,822 | |
Gross unrealized losses | (9,117 | ) | | (3,971 | ) | | (13,088 | ) |
Carrying Value | $ | 2,357,988 | | | $ | 525,004 | | | $ | 2,882,992 | |
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| December 31, 2010 |
(in thousands) | Agency | | Non-Agency | | Total |
Face Value | $ | 1,306,655 | | | $ | 594,306 | | | $ | 1,900,961 | |
Unamortized premium | 41,651 | | | — | | | 41,651 | |
Unamortized discount | | | | | | | | |
Designated credit reserve | — | | | (145,855 | ) | | (145,855 | ) |
Net, unamortized | (334,979 | ) | | (129,992 | ) | | (464,971 | ) |
Amortized Cost | 1,013,327 | | | 318,459 | | | 1,331,786 | |
Gross unrealized gains | 9,308 | | | 21,503 | | | 30,811 | |
Gross unrealized losses | (6,166 | ) | | (2,026 | ) | | (8,192 | ) |
Carrying Value | $ | 1,016,469 | | | $ | 337,936 | | | $ | 1,354,405 | |
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
The following tables present the carrying value of the Company's AFS investment securities by rate type as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
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| March 31, 2011 |
(in thousands) | Agency | | Non-Agency | | Total |
Adjustable Rate | $ | 264,468 | | | $ | 414,361 | | | $ | 678,829 | |
Fixed Rate | 2,093,520 | | | 110,643 | | | 2,204,163 | |
Total | $ | 2,357,988 | | | $ | 525,004 | | | $ | 2,882,992 | |
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| December 31, 2010 |
(in thousands) | Agency | | Non-Agency | | Total |
Adjustable Rate | $ | 269,512 | | | $ | 245,517 | | | $ | 515,029 | |
Fixed Rate | 746,957 | | | 92,419 | | | 839,376 | |
Total | $ | 1,016,469 | | | $ | 337,936 | | | $ | 1,354,405 | |
When the Company purchases a credit-sensitive AFS security at a significant discount to its face value, the Company often does not amortize into income a significant portion of this discount that the Company is entitled to earn because it does not expect to collect it due to the inherent credit risk of the security. The Company may also record an other-than-temporary impairment, or OTTI, for a portion of its investment in the security to the extent the Company believes that principal losses will exceed the discount. The amount of principal that the Company does not amortize into income is designated as a credit reserve on the security, with unamortized net discounts or premiums amortized into income over time using the interest method in accordance with ASC 320.
The following table presents the changes for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and March 31, 2010 of the unamortized net discount and designated credit reserves on non-Agency AFS securities.
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| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2011 | | 2010 |
(in thousands) | Designated credit reserve | | Unamortized net discount | | Total | | Designated credit reserve | | Unamortized net discount | | Total |
Beginning balance at January 1 | $ | (145,855 | ) | | $ | (129,992 | ) | | $ | (275,847 | ) | | $ | (50,187 | ) | | $ | (41,050 | ) | | $ | (91,237 | ) |
Acquisitions | (96,343 | ) | | (38,763 | ) | | (135,106 | ) | | (8,379 | ) | | (30,356 | ) | | (38,735 | ) |
Accretion of net discount | — | | | 5,376 | | | 5,376 | | | — | | | 1,101 | | | 1,101 | |
Realized credit losses | 771 | | | — | | | 771 | | | 590 | | | 6 | | | 596 | |
Transfers (to) from | (123 | ) | | 123 | | | — | | | 359 | | | (359 | ) | | — | |
Sales, calls, other | 8,085 | | | 5,145 | | | 13,230 | | | 4,812 | | | 4,627 | | | 9,439 | |
Ending balance at March 31 | $ | (233,465 | ) | | $ | (158,111 | ) | | $ | (391,576 | ) | | $ | (52,805 | ) | | $ | (66,031 | ) | | $ | (118,836 | ) |
The following table presents the components comprising the carrying value of AFS securities not deemed to be other than temporarily impaired by length of time the securities had an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010. At March 31, 2011, the Company held 608 AFS securities, of which 226 were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve consecutive months and 9 were in an unrealized loss position for more than twelve consecutive months. At December 31, 2010, the Company held 373 AFS securities, of which 108 were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and 5 were in an unrealized loss position for more than twelve consecutive months.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
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| Unrealized Loss Position for |
| Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or More | Total |
(in thousands) | Estimated Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Estimated Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses |
March 31, 2011 | $ | 1,048,853 | | | $ | (12,587 | ) | | $ | 1,756 | | $ | (501 | ) | $ | 1,050,609 | | $ | (13,088 | ) |
December 31, 2010 | $ | 310,445 | | | $ | (7,183 | ) | | $ | 1,405 | | $ | (1,009 | ) | $ | 311,850 | | $ | (8,192 | ) |
Evaluating AFS Securities for Other-than-Temporary Impairments
In 2009, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 320 to evaluate AFS securities for OTTI. This evaluation requires us to determine whether there has been a significant adverse quarterly change in the cash flow expectations for a security. The Company also considers whether there has been a significant adverse change in the regulatory and/or economic environment as part of this analysis. As of March 31, 2011, we did not intend to sell any of the Company's AFS securities in loss positions and the Company believes it is not more likely than not we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. Based on the Company's evaluation, for the period ended March 31, 2011, the Company did not recognize any OTTI on AFS securities in the Company's consolidated statements of income.
Gross Realized Gains and Losses
Gains and losses from the sale of AFS securities are recorded as realized gains (losses) within gain on investment securities, net in the Company's consolidated statements of income. For the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company sold AFS securities for $71.4 million with an amortized cost of $69.8 million, for a net realized gain of $1.6 million.
The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses on sales of AFS securities for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010:
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| Three Months Ended |
| March 31, |
(in thousands) | 2011 | | 2010 |
Gross realized gains | $ | 1,808 | | | $ | 1,221 | |
Gross realized losses | (170 | ) | | (24 | ) |
Total realized gains (losses) on sales, net | $ | 1,638 | | | $ | 1,197 | |
Note 4. Trading Securities, at Fair Value
During the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company acquired and sold U.S. Treasuries in its taxable REIT subsidiary and classified these securities as trading instruments due to its short-term investment objectives. As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company held U.S. Treasuries with an amortized cost of $299.4 million and $200.0 million and a fair value $299.3 million and $199.5 million, respectively, classified as trading securities.
For the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company sold trading securities with an amortized cost of $200.0 million resulting in realized losses of $0.5 million on the sale of these investment securities. The realized losses are recorded as a component of gains on investment securities, net in the Company's consolidated statement of income.
At March 31, 2011, the Company pledged trading securities with a carrying value of $299.3 million as collateral for repurchase agreements. See Note 9 - Repurchase Agreements.
Note 5. Restricted Cash
As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company is required to maintain certain cash balances with counterparties for broker activity and collateral for the Company's repurchase agreements in non-interest bearing accounts.
The following table presents the Company's restricted cash balances:
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
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| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Restricted cash balances held by: | | | |
Broker counterparties for securities trading activity | $ | 9,000 | | | $ | 9,000 | |
Broker counterparties for derivatives trading activity | 7,367 | | | 1,914 | |
Repurchase counterparties as restricted collateral | 22,624 | | | 11,634 | |
Total | $ | 38,991 | | | $ | 22,548 | |
Note 6. Accrued Interest Receivable
The following table presents the Company's accrued interest receivable by collateral type:
|
| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Accrued Interest Receivable: | | | |
U.S. Treasuries | $ | 163 | | | $ | 192 | |
Mortgage-backed securities: | | | |
Agency | | | |
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | 2,967 | | | 1,509 | |
Federal National Mortgage Association | 6,031 | | | 2,201 | |
Government National Mortgage Association | 696 | | | 532 | |
Non-Agency | 1,153 | | | 949 | |
Total mortgage-backed securities | 10,847 | | | 5,191 | |
Total | $ | 11,010 | | | $ | 5,383 | |
Note 7. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company enters into a variety of derivative and non-derivative instruments in connection with its risk management activities. The Company's primary objective for executing these derivatives and non-derivative instruments is to mitigate the Company's economic exposure to future events that are outside its control. The Company's derivative financial instruments are utilized principally to manage market risk and cash flow volatility associated with interest rate risk (including associated prepayment risk) related to certain assets and liabilities. As part of its risk management activities, the Company may, at times, enter into various forward contracts including short securities, Agency to-be-announced securities, or TBAs, options, futures, swaps and caps. In executing on the Company's current risk management strategy, the Company has entered into interest rate swap and swaption agreements and TBA positions. The Company has also entered into a number of non-derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk, principally U.S. Treasuries and Agency interest-only securities.
The following summarizes the Company's significant asset and liability classes, the risk exposure for these classes, and the Company's risk management activities used to mitigate certain of these risks. The discussion includes both derivative and non-derivative instruments used as part of these risk management activities. While the Company uses non-derivative and derivative instruments to achieve the Company's risk management activities, it is possible that these instruments will not effectively mitigate all or a substantial portion of the Company's market rate risk. In addition, the Company might elect, at times, not to enter into certain hedging arrangements in order to maintain compliance with REIT requirements.
Interest Rate Sensitive Assets/Liabilities
Available-for-sale Securities - The Company's RMBS investment securities are generally subject to change in value when mortgage rates decline or increase, depending on the type of investment. Rising mortgage rates generally result in a slowing of refinancing activity, which slows prepayments and results in an unexpected decline in the value of the Company's fixed-rate Agency pools. To mitigate the impact of this risk, the Company maintains a portfolio of financial instruments, primarily fixed-rate interest-only securities, which increase in value when interest rates increase. In addition, the Company has initiated a limited number of TBA positions to further mitigate its exposure to increased prepayment speeds. The primary objective is to minimize the overall risk of loss in the value of the investment securities due to the
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
change in fair value caused by interest rate changes and their interrelated impact on prepayments.
As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company had outstanding fair value of $91.6 million and $18.4 million, respectively, of interest-only securities in place to economically hedge its investment securities. These interest-only securities are included in AFS securities, at fair value, in the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company holds TBA positions with $150.0 million in long notional and $150.0 million in short notional as of March 31, 2011. The Company discloses these on a net basis in accordance with master netting arrangements resulting in a net fair market value of negative $2.2 million as of March 31, 2011, which are included in other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company did not hold any long or short notional TBA positions as of December 31, 2010.
Repurchase Agreements - The Company monitors its repurchase agreements, which are generally floating rate debt, in relationship to the rate profile of its investment securities. When it is cost effective to do so, the Company may enter into interest rate swap arrangements to align the interest rate composition of its investment securities and debt portfolios, specifically repurchase agreements with maturities of less than 6 months. Typically, the interest receivable terms (i.e., LIBOR) of the interest rate swaps match the terms of the underlying debt, resulting in an effective conversion of the rate of the related repurchase agreement from floating to fixed.
As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that were utilized as economic hedges of interest rate risk associated with the Company's short-term repurchase agreements:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(notional in thousands) | | | | | | |
March 31, 2011 |
Swaps Maturities | | Notional Amounts | | Average Fixed Pay Rate | | Average Receive Rate | | Average Maturity (Years) |
2012 | | 25,000 | | | 0.868 | % | | 0.301 | % | | 1.73 |
2013 | | 725,000 | | | 1.023 | % | | 0.307 | % | | 2.02 |
2014 | | 475,000 | | | 1.486 | % | | 0.305 | % | | 3.21 |
2015 | | 395,000 | | | 1.880 | % | | 0.283 | % | | 4.21 |
2016 | | 90,000 | | | 2.260 | % | | 0.306 | % | | 4.91 |
Total | | 1,710,000 | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(notional in thousands) | | | | | | |
December 31, 2010 |
Swaps Maturities | | Notional Amount | | Average Fixed Pay Rate | | Average Receive Rate | | Average Maturity (Years) |
2011 | | 100,000 | | | 1.168 | % | | 0.3425 | % | | 0.96 | |
2012 | | 25,000 | | | 0.868 | % | | 0.3080 | % | | 1.98 | |
2013 | | 175,000 | | | 1.376 | % | | 0.3055 | % | | 2.61 | |
2014 | | 175,000 | | | 1.671 | % | | 0.3026 | % | | 3.96 | |
2015 | | 175,000 | | | 1.830 | % | | 0.2874 | % | | 4.84 | |
Total | | 650,000 | | | | | | | |
The Company has also entered into interest rate swaps in combination with U.S. Treasuries to economically hedge funding cost risk. As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company held $299.3 million and $199.5 million, respectively, in fair value of U.S. Treasuries classified as trading securities and the following outstanding interest rate swaps:
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(notional in thousands) | | | | | | |
March 31, 2011 |
Swaps Maturities | | Notional Amounts | | Average Fixed Pay Rate | | Average Receive Rate | | Average Maturity (Years) |
2013 | | 300,000 | | | 0.930 | % | | 0.3125 | % | | 1.90 |
Total | | 300,000 | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(notional in thousands) | | | | | | |
December 31, 2010 |
Swaps Maturities | | Notional Amounts | | Average Fixed Pay Rate | | Average Receive Rate | | Average Maturity (Years) |
2012 | | 200,000 | | | 0.557 | % | | 0.278 | % | | 1.80 |
Total | | 200,000 | | | | | | | |
All of the Company's interest rate swap contracts receive interest at a 1-month or 3-month LIBOR rate.
Additionally, as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaptions (agreements to enter into interest rate swaps in the future for which the Company would pay a fixed rate) that were utilized as macro-economic hedges:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
March 31, 2011 |
(notional and dollars in thousands) | | Option | | Underlying Swap |
Swaption | | Cost | | Fair Value | | Average Months to Expiration | | Notional Amount | | Average Fixed Pay Rate | | Average Receive Rate | | Average Term (Years) |
Payer | | $ | 11,505 | | | $ | 11,410 | | | 10.82 | | 650,000 | | | 3.25 | % | | 3M Libor | | 4.692 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2010 |
(notional and dollars in thousands) | | Option | | Underlying Swap |
Swaption | | Cost | | Fair Value | | Average Months to Expiration | | Notional Amount | | Average Fixed Pay Rate | | Average Receive Rate | | Average Term (Years) |
Payer | | $ | 3,348 | | | $ | 4,028 | | | 11.23 | | 100,000 | | | 3.52 | % | | 3M Libor | | 8.5 | |
The Company has not applied hedge accounting to its current derivative portfolio held to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with its debt portfolio. As a result, the Company is subject to volatility in its earnings due to movement in the unrealized gains and losses associated with its interest rate swaps and its other derivative instruments.
Foreign Currency Risk
In compliance with the Company's REIT requirements, the Company does not have exposure to foreign denominated assets or liabilities. As such, the Company is not subject to foreign currency risk.
Non-Risk Management Activities
The Company has entered into certain financial instruments that are considered derivative contracts under ASC 815 that are not for purposes of hedging. These contracts are currently limited to inverse interest-only residential mortgage securities and credit default swaps.
Inverse interest-only securities with a carrying value of $84.2 million, including accrued interest receivable, are accounted for as derivative financial instruments in the consolidated financial statements. The following table presents the amortized cost and carrying value (which approximates fair value) of inverse interest-only securities as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
|
| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Face Value | $ | 622,651 | | | $ | 219,459 | |
Unamortized premium | — | | | — | |
Unamortized discount | | | |
Designated credit reserve | — | | | — | |
Net, unamortized | (541,282 | ) | | (190,162 | ) |
Amortized Cost | 81,369 | | | 29,297 | |
Gross unrealized gains | 2,883 | | | 1,902 | |
Gross unrealized losses | (1,298 | ) | | (665 | ) |
Carrying Value | $ | 82,954 | | | $ | 30,534 | |
As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company also held credit default swaps where the Company provides credit protection for a fixed premium. The maximum payouts for these credit default swaps are limited to the current notional amounts of each swap contract. Maximum payouts for credit default swaps do not represent the expected future cash requirements, as the Company's credit default swaps are typically liquidated or expire and are not exercised by the holder of the credit default swaps.
The following tables represent credit default swaps where the Company is providing protection held as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(notional and dollars in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
March 31, 2011 |
Maturity Date | | Average Implied Credit Spread | | Current Notional Amount | | Fair Value | | Upfront Payable | | Unrealized Gain/(Loss) |
7/25/2036 | | 374.68 | | | 77,196 | | | $ | 8,120 | | | $ | (7,001 | ) | | $ | 1,119 | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(notional and dollars in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2010 |
Maturity Date | | Average Implied Credit Spread | | Current Notional Amount | | Fair Value | | Upfront Payable | | Unrealized Gain/(Loss) |
7/25/2036 | | 378.47 | | | 41,576 | | | $ | 3,137 | | | $ | (3,554 | ) | | $ | (417 | ) |
Credit Risk
The Company has limited its exposure to credit losses on its U.S. Treasuries and Agency portfolio of investment securities because these securities are issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury or government sponsored entities, or GSEs. The payment of principal and interest on the FHLMC and FNMA mortgage-backed securities are guaranteed by those respective agencies, and the payment of principal and interest on the GNMA mortgage-backed securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
For non-Agency investment securities, the Company currently does not believe it is cost effective or beneficial to the Company's REIT status to hedge credit risk with derivative instruments, and accordingly, the Company does not hold derivative instruments to specifically hedge credit risk. However, the Company has processes and controls in place to monitor, analyze, manage and mitigate its credit risk with respect to non-Agency RMBS.
Derivative financial instruments contain an element of credit risk if counterparties are unable to meet the terms of the agreements. Credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments is measured as the net replacement cost should the counterparties that owe the Company under contracts completely fail to perform under the terms of these contracts, assuming there are no recoveries of underlying collateral, as measured by the market value of the derivative financial instruments. As of March 31, 2011, the fair value of derivative financial instruments as an asset and liability position was $106.2 million and $2.2 million, respectively.
The Company mitigates the credit risk exposure on derivative financial instruments by limiting the counterparties to those major banks and financial institutions that meet established credit guidelines, and the Company seeks to transact with several different counterparties in order to reduce the exposure to any single counterparty. Additionally, the Company
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
reduces credit risk on the majority of its derivative instruments by entering into agreements that permit the closeout and netting of transactions with the same counterparty upon occurrence of certain events. To further mitigate the risk of counterparty default, the Company maintains collateral agreements with certain of its counterparties. The agreements require both parties to maintain cash deposits in the event the fair values of the derivative financial instruments exceed established thresholds. The Company has not received cash deposits from counterparties as of March 31, 2011. The Company has placed cash deposits of $17.3 million as of March 31, 2011 in accounts maintained by counterparties, of which the amounts are classified as restricted cash or due from counterparties on the consolidated balance sheet.
In accordance with ASC 815, as amended and interpreted, the Company records derivative financial instruments on its consolidated balance sheet as assets or liabilities at fair value. Changes in fair value are accounted for depending on the use of the derivative instruments and whether they qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Due to the volatility of the credit markets and difficulty in effectively matching pricing or cash flows, the Company has elected to treat all current derivative contracts as trading instruments.
Balance Sheet Presentation
The following table represents the gross fair value and notional amounts of the Company's derivative financial instruments treated as trading instruments as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
| | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities | | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities |
Trading instruments | | Fair Value | Notional | | Fair Value | Notional | | Fair Value | Notional | | Fair Value | Notional |
Inverse interest-only securities | | $ | 84,164 | | 622,651 | | | $ | — | | — | | | $ | 30,944 | | 219,459 | | | $ | — | | — | |
Interest rate swap agreements | | 2,459 | | 2,010,000 | | | — | | — | | | — | | — | | | (158 | ) | 850,000 | |
Credit default swap agreements | | 8,120 | | 77,196 | | | — | | — | | | 3,137 | | 41,576 | | | — | | — | |
Swaptions | | 11,410 | | 650,000 | | | — | | — | | | 4,028 | | 100,000 | | | — | | — | |
TBAs | | — | | — | | | (2,179 | ) | — | | | — | | — | | | — | | — | |
Total | | $ | 106,153 | | 3,359,847 | | | $ | (2,179 | ) | — | | | $ | 38,109 | | 361,035 | | | $ | (158 | ) | 850,000 | |
The following table provides the average monthly outstanding notional amounts of the Company's derivative financial instruments treated as trading instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2011:
|
| | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 |
Trading instruments | | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities |
Inverse interest-only securities | | 432,293 | | | — | |
Interest rate swap agreements | | 1,285,944 | | | — | |
Credit default swaps | | 75,008 | | | — | |
Swaptions | | 282,778 | | | — | |
TBAs | | 182,222 | | | 182,222 | |
Income Statement Presentation
The following table summarizes the location and amount of gains and losses on derivative instruments reported in the consolidated statement of income on its derivative instruments.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | | | | | |
Trading Instruments | | Location of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives | | Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives |
| | | | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Risk Management Instruments | | | | | | |
Interest Rate Contracts | | | | | | |
Investment securities - RMBS | | Gain on other derivative instruments | | $ | (258 | ) | | $ | 809 | |
Investment securities - U.S. Treasuries | | Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements | | (410 | ) | | — | |
Repurchase agreements | | Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements | | 2,349 | | | (1,547 | ) |
Non-Risk Management Instruments | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps | | Gain on other derivative instruments | | 2,338 | | | — | |
Inverse interest-only securities | | Gain on other derivative instruments | | 3,267 | | | 137 | |
Total | | | | $ | 7,286 | | | $ | (601 | ) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company terminated a total of four notional interest rate swap and swaption positions of $350.0 million. Upon settlement of the early terminations, the Company paid $0.4 million in full settlement of its net interest spread liability and received $1.3 million in realized gains on the swaps and swaptions, including an early termination penalty.
Note 8. Fair Value
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets (i.e., observable inputs) and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency (i.e., unobservable inputs). Additionally, ASC 820 requires an entity to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including the entity's own credit standing, when measuring fair value of a liability.
ASC 820 establishes a three level hierarchy to be used when measuring and disclosing fair value. An instrument's categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. Following is a description of the three levels:
| |
Level 1 | Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the measurement date. Additionally, the entity must have the ability to access the active market and the quoted prices cannot be adjusted by the entity. |
| |
Level 2 | Inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means for substantially the full-term of the assets or liabilities. |
| |
Level 3 | Unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent management's best assumptions of how market participants would price the assets and liabilities. Generally, Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that require significant judgment or estimation. |
Following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models and significant assumptions utilized.
Investment securities - The Company holds a portfolio of available-for-sale and trading securities that are carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet. Available-for-sale securities are primarily comprised of Agency and non-
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
Agency RMBS while the Company's U.S. Treasuries are classified as trading securities. The Company determines the fair value of its U.S. Treasuries and Agency RMBS based upon prices obtained from third-party pricing providers or broker quotes received using bid price, which are deemed indicative of market activity. In determining the fair value of its non-Agency RMBS, management judgment is used to arrive at fair value that considers prices obtained from third-party pricing providers, broker quotes received and other applicable market data. If observable market prices are not available or insufficient to determine fair value due to principally illiquidity in the marketplace, then fair value is based upon internally developed models that are primarily based on observable market-based inputs but also include unobservable market data inputs (including prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, and credit losses). The Company classified 100.0% of its U.S. Treasuries as Level 1 fair value assets at March 31, 2011. The Company classified 99.7% of its RMBS available for sale securities reported at fair value as Level 2 at March 31, 2011. Available-for-sale and trading securities account for 87.7% and 9.1% of all assets reported at fair value at March 31, 2011, respectively.
Derivative instruments - The Company may enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments as part of its hedging strategies. The Company principally executes over-the-counter, or OTC, derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps. The Company utilizes internally developed models that are widely accepted in the market to value their over-the-counter derivative contracts. The specific terms of the contract are entered into the model, as well as market observable inputs such as interest rate forward curves and interpolated volatility assumptions. As all significant inputs into these models are market observable, the Company classified 100% of the interest rate swaps, swaptions and credit default swaps reported at fair value as Level 2 at March 31, 2011.
The Company also enters into certain other derivative financial instruments, such as TBAs and inverse interest-only securities. These instruments are similar in form to the Company's AFS securities and the Company utilizes broker quotes to value these instruments. The Company classified 100% of its inverse interest-only securities at fair value as Level 2 at March 31, 2011. The Company reported 100% of its TBAs as Level 1 as of March 31, 2011.
The Company's Risk Management Committee governs trading activity relating to derivative instruments. The Company's policy is to minimize credit exposure related to financial derivatives used for hedging, by limiting the hedge counterparties to major banks, financial institutions, exchanges, and private investors who meet established capital and credit guidelines, as well as by limiting the amount of exposure to any individual counterparty.
The Company has netting arrangements in place with all derivative counterparties pursuant to standard documentation developed by the International Swap and Derivatives Association, or ISDA. Additionally, both the Company and the counterparty are required to post cash collateral based upon the net underlying market value of the Company's open positions with the counterparty. Posting of cash collateral typically occurs daily, subject to certain dollar thresholds. Due to the existence of netting arrangements, as well as frequent cash collateral posting at low posting thresholds, credit exposure to the Company and/or to the counterparty is considered materially mitigated. Based on the Company's assessment, there is no requirement for any additional adjustment to derivative valuations specifically for credit.
Recurring Fair Value
The following tables display the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company often economically hedges the fair value change of its assets or liabilities with derivatives and other financial instruments. The tables below display the hedges separately from the hedged items, and therefore do not directly display the impact of the Company's risk management activities.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Recurring Fair Value Measurements |
| At March 31, 2011 |
(in thousands) | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
Assets | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | — | | | $ | 2,873,892 | | | $ | 9,100 | | | $ | 2,882,992 | |
Trading securities | 299,262 | | | — | | | — | | | 299,262 | |
Derivative assets | — | | | 106,153 | | | — | | | 106,153 | |
Total assets | $ | 299,262 | | | $ | 2,980,045 | | | $ | 9,100 | | | $ | 3,288,407 | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 2,179 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,179 | |
Total liabilities | $ | 2,179 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,179 | |
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Recurring Fair Value Measurements |
| At December 31, 2010 |
(in thousands) | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | | Total |
Assets | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | — | | | $ | 1,345,805 | | | $ | 8,600 | | | $ | 1,354,405 | |
Trading securities | 199,523 | | | — | | | — | | | 199,523 | |
Derivative assets | — | | | 38,109 | | | — | | | 38,109 | |
Total assets | $ | 199,523 | | | $ | 1,383,914 | | | $ | 8,600 | | | $ | 1,592,037 | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | |
Derivative liabilities | $ | — | | | $ | 158 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 158 | |
Total liabilities | $ | — | | | $ | 158 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 158 | |
The valuation of Level 3 instruments requires significant judgment by the third-party pricing providers and/or management. The third party pricing providers and/or management rely on inputs such as market price quotations from market makers (either market or indicative levels), original transaction price, recent transactions in the same or similar instruments, and changes in financial ratios or cash flows to determine fair value. Level 3 instruments may also be discounted to reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability, with the amount of such discount estimated by the third party pricing provider in the absence of market information. Assumptions used by the third party pricing provider due to lack of observable inputs may significantly impact the resulting fair value and therefore the Company's financial statements. The Company's valuation committee reviews all valuations that are based on pricing information received from a third party pricing provider. As part of this review, prices are compared against other pricing or input data points in the marketplace, along with internal valuation expertise, to ensure the pricing is reasonable. In addition, the Company performs back-testing of pricing information to validate price information and identify any pricing trends of a third party price provider.
In determining fair value, third party pricing providers use various valuation approaches, including market and income approaches. Inputs that are used in determining fair value of an instrument may include pricing information, credit data, volatility statistics, and other factors. In addition, inputs can be either observable or unobservable.
The availability of observable inputs can vary by instrument and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace and other characteristics particular to the instrument. The third party pricing provider uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market dislocations. In periods of market dislocation, the availability of prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments. This condition could cause an instrument to be reclassified to or from various levels within the fair value hierarchy.
Securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the bid price (in the case of long positions) or the ask price (in the case of short positions) at the close of trading on the date as of which value is determined. Exchange-traded securities for which no bid or ask price is available are valued at the last traded price.
OTC derivative contracts, including interest rate swaps, are valued by the Company using observable inputs, such as quotations received from the counterparty, dealers or brokers, whenever available and considered reliable. In instances where models are used, the value of an OTC derivative depends upon the contractual terms of, and specific risks inherent in, the instrument as well as the availability and reliability of observable inputs. Such inputs include market prices for reference securities, yield curves, credit curves, volatility measures, prepayment rates and correlation of such inputs. Certain OTC derivatives, such as swaps, have inputs which can generally be corroborated by market data and are therefore classified within Level 2.
The table below presents the reconciliation for all of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The Level 3 items presented below may be hedged by derivatives and other financial instruments that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2. Thus, the table below does not fully reflect the impact of the Company's risk management activities.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements |
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 |
| | | Total Net Gains Included in Net Income | | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | Beginning of Period Level 3 Fair Value | | Realized Gains | | Unrealized Gains | | Other Comprehensive Income | | Gross Purchases, Sales and Settlements (b) | | Gross Transfers Into Level 3 | | Gross Transfers Out of Level 3 | | End of Period Level 3 Fair Value |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 8,600 | | | $ | 23 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 477 | | (a) | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 9,100 | |
Derivative assets | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Total assets | $ | 8,600 | | | $ | 23 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 477 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 9,100 | |
____________________
(a) Change in unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities recorded in equity as accumulated other comprehensive income.
(b) There were no purchases, sales or settlements of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2011.
The Company did not incur transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 or Level 2 and Level 3 for the three months ended March 31, 2011. Transfers between Levels are deemed to take place on the first day of the reporting period in which the transfer has taken place.
Nonrecurring Fair Value
The Company may be required to measure certain assets or liabilities at fair value from time to time. These periodic fair value measures typically result from application of certain impairment measures under GAAP. These items would constitute nonrecurring fair value measures under ASC 820. As of March 31, 2011, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
In accordance with ASC 820, the Company is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized in the consolidated balance sheet, for which fair value can be estimated.
The following describes the Company's methods for estimating the fair value for financial instruments. Descriptions are not provided for those items that have zero balances as of the current balance sheet date.
| |
• | Available-for-sale securities, trading securities, derivative assets and liabilities are recurring fair value measurements; carrying value equals fair value. See discussion of valuation methods and assumptions within the Fair Value Measurements section of this footnote. |
| |
• | Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash have a carrying value which approximates fair value because of the short maturities of these instruments. |
| |
• | The carrying value of repurchase agreements approximates fair value due to the maturities of less than one year of these financial instruments. The Company's repurchase agreements have floating rates based on an index plus a spread. These borrowings have been recently entered into and the credit spread is typically consistent with those demanded in the market. Accordingly, the interest rates on these borrowings are at market and thus carrying value approximates fair value. |
Note 9. Repurchase Agreements
The Company had outstanding $2.6 billion of repurchase agreements, including repurchase agreements funding the Company's U.S. Treasuries of $298.9 million. Excluding the debt associated with the Company's U.S. Treasuries and the effect of the Company's interest rate swaps, the repurchase agreements had a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.58% and weighted average remaining maturities of 81 days as of March 31, 2011. The Company had outstanding $1.2 billion of repurchase agreements with a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.74% excluding the effect of the Company's interest rate swaps, and weighted average remaining maturities of 90 days as of December 31, 2010. As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the debt associated with the Company's U.S. Treasuries had a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.22% and 0.28%, respectively.
At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the repurchase agreements had the following characteristics:
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | | March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Collateral Type | | Amount Outstanding | | Weighted Average Borrowing Rate | | Amount Outstanding | | Weighted Average Borrowing Rate |
U.S. Treasuries | | $ | 298,875 | | | 0.22 | % | | $ | 198,750 | | | 0.28 | % |
Agency RMBS | | 1,929,297 | | | 0.33 | % | | 745,861 | | | 0.37 | % |
Non-Agency RMBS | | 326,306 | | | 2.02 | % | | 201,976 | | | 2.05 | % |
Agency derivatives | | 61,553 | | | 0.90 | % | | 23,216 | | | 1.07 | % |
Total | | $ | 2,616,031 | | | 0.54 | % | | $ | 1,169,803 | | | 0.66 | % |
As of March 31, 2011, the Company's amounts outstanding under repurchase agreements includes $70.8 million of borrowings under the 364-day repurchase facility with Wells Fargo Bank National Association, or Wells Fargo. The facility provides an aggregate maximum borrowing capacity of $75 million and it is set to mature on August 3, 2011, unless extended pursuant to its terms. The facility is collateralized by non-Agency RMBS and its weighted average borrowing rate as of March 31, 2011 was 1.95%. The facility also subjects the Company to maintain certain financial covenants under the guaranty agreement with Wells Fargo. As of March 31, 2011, the Company is in compliance with these covenants.
At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the repurchase agreements had the following remaining maturities:
|
| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Within 30 days | $ | 592,883 | | | $ | 197,286 | |
30 to 59 days | 322,605 | | | 211,556 | |
60 to 89 days | 431,301 | | | 117,621 | |
90 to 119 days | 560,029 | | | 152,433 | |
Over 120 days (1) | 410,338 | | | 292,157 | |
Open maturity (2) | 298,875 | | | 198,750 | |
Total | $ | 2,616,031 | | | $ | 1,169,803 | |
____________________
| |
(1) | Over 120 days includes the amounts outstanding under the Wells Fargo 364-day borrowing facility. |
| |
(2) | Repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Treasuries include an open maturity period (i.e., rolling 1-day maturity) renewable at the discretion of either party to the agreements. |
The following table summarizes assets at carrying value that are pledged or restricted as collateral for the future payment obligations of repurchase agreements:
|
| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value | $ | 2,521,201 | | | $ | 1,090,598 | |
Trading securities, at fair value | 299,262 | | | 199,523 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | 15,000 | | | 14,467 | |
Restricted cash | 22,624 | | | 11,634 | |
Due from counterparties | 11,381 | | | 10,508 | |
Derivative assets, at fair value | 80,895 | | | 30,534 | |
Total | $ | 2,950,363 | | | $ | 1,357,264 | |
Although the repurchase agreements are committed borrowings until maturity, the respective lender retains the right to mark the underlying collateral to fair value. A reduction in the value of pledged assets would require the Company to provide additional collateral or fund margin calls.
The following table summarizes certain characteristics of the Company's repurchase agreements and counterparty concentration at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
(dollars in thousands) | Amount Outstanding | | Net Counterparty Exposure(1) | | Percent of Equity | | Amount Outstanding | | Net Counterparty Exposure(1) | | Percent of Equity |
Barclays Capital Inc. | $ | 215,660 | | | $ | 65,471 | | | 10 | % | | $ | 168,291 | | | $ | 45,060 | | | 12 | % |
All other counterparties | 2,400,371 | | | 263,717 | | | 38 | % | | 1,001,512 | | | 132,125 | | | 35 | % |
Total | $ | 2,616,031 | | | $ | 329,188 | | | | | $ | 1,169,803 | | | $ | 177,185 | | | |
____________________
(1) Represents the net carrying value of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase, including accrued interest plus any cash or assets on deposit to secure the repurchase obligation, over the amount of the repurchase liability, including accrued interest. At March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company had $338.1 million and $231.7 million, respectively, in payables due to broker counterparties for unsettled security purchases. The payables are not included in the amounts presented above.
The Company does not anticipate any defaults by its repurchase agreement counterparties.
Note 10. Other Assets
Other assets as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 are summarized in the following table:
|
| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | | |
| March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Prepaid expenses | $ | 502 | | | $ | 706 | |
Deferred tax assets | 72 | | | 554 | |
Total other assets | $ | 574 | | | $ | 1,260 | |
Note 11. Other Liabilities
Other liabilities as of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 are summarized in the following table:
|
| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | | |
| March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Derivative liabilities, at fair value | $ | 2,179 | | | $ | 158 | |
Income taxes payable | 276 | | | 1 | |
Total other liabilities | $ | 2,455 | | | $ | 159 | |
Note 12. Stockholders' Equity
Distributions to stockholders
On March 2, 2011, the Company declared dividends to common stockholders totaling $16.2 million, or $0.40 per share. The following table presents cash dividends declared by the Company on its common stock from October 28, 2009 through March 31, 2011:
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
|
| | | | | | | | |
Declaration Date | | Record Date | | Payment Date | | Cash Dividend Per Share |
March 2, 2011 | | March 14, 2011 | | April 14, 2011 | | $ | 0.40 | |
December 8, 2010 | | December 17, 2010 | | January 20, 2011 | | $ | 0.40 | |
September 13, 2010 | | September 30, 2010 | | October 21, 2010 | | $ | 0.39 | |
June 14, 2010 | | June 30, 2010 | | July 22, 2010 | | $ | 0.33 | |
March 12, 2010 | | March 31, 2010 | | April 23, 2010 | | $ | 0.36 | |
December 21, 2009 | | December 31, 2009 | | January 26, 2010 | | $ | 0.26 | |
The Company's dividends declared in 2011, 2010 and 2009 are characterized as ordinary non-qualified dividends.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated other comprehensive income at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value | | | |
Unrealized gains | $ | 44,822 | | | $ | 30,811 | |
Unrealized losses | (13,088 | ) | | (8,192 | ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | 31,734 | | | $ | 22,619 | |
Public offerings
On March 16, 2011, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 25,000,000 shares of its common stock and subsequently issued an additional 3,750,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the underwriters' over-allotments at a price of $10.25 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $294.7 million. Net proceeds to the Company from the offerings were approximately $287.8 million, net of issuance costs of approximately $6.9 million.
Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan
The Company sponsors a dividend reinvestment and direct stock purchase plan through which stockholders may purchase additional shares of the Company's common stock by reinvesting some or all of the cash dividends received on shares of the Company's common stock. Stockholders may also make optional cash purchases of shares of the Company's common stock subject to certain limitation detailed in the plan prospectus. An aggregate of 7.5 million shares of our common stock has been reserved for issuance under the plan. As of March 31, 2011, 545 shares have been issued under the plan.
Note 13. Operating Expenses
Components of the Company's operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010 are presented in the following table:
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2011 | | 2010 |
Operating expenses: | | | |
General and administrative | $ | 1,105 | | | $ | 647 | |
Directors and officers' insurance | 141 | | | 116 | |
Professional fees | 266 | | | 224 | |
Total operating expenses | $ | 1,512 | | | $ | 987 | |
Note 14. Income Taxes
For the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company has recognized $0.8 million of income tax expense related to both current and deferred income tax provisions in its taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS. The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2011 was an expense of 3.3%.
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - (continued)
For the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company has recognized $0.4 million of deferred tax expense related to unrealized gains on derivative instruments, and $0.1 million of deferred tax expense related to unrealized gains on U.S. Treasuries held in its TRS.
For the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company has recognized current federal tax expense of $0.3 million due to realized net gains on the U.S. Treasuries and derivative instruments the Company holds in its TRS.
The Company currently intends to distribute 100% of its REIT taxable income and comply with all its requirements to continue to qualify as a REIT, and therefore it has not recognized any federal or state tax provisions.
Note 15. Earnings Per Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of the earnings and shares used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share, or EPS, for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010:
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended |
| March 31, |
(in thousands, except share data) | 2011 | | 2010 |
Numerator: | | | |
Net income to common stockholders for basic and diluted earnings per share | $ | 22,377 | | | $ | 5,327 | |
Denominator: | | | |
Weighted average common shares | 45,561,141 | | | 13,379,209 | |
Weighted average restricted stock shares | 51,235 | | | 22,159 | |
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 45,612,376 | | | 13,401,368 | |
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share: | $ | 0.49 | | | $ | 0.40 | |
For the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company has assumed that no warrants would be exercised as the weighted average market value per share of the Company's common stock was below the strike price of the warrants and the warrants would be anti-dilutive.
Note 16. Related Party Transactions
The following summary provides disclosure of the material transactions with affiliates of the Company.
In accordance with the Management Agreement with PRCM Advisers LLC, the Company incurred $1.6 million and $0.5 million as a management fee to PRCM Advisers LLC for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, which represents approximately 1.5% of stockholders' equity on an annualized basis as defined by the Management Agreement. In addition, the Company reimbursed PRCM Advisers LLC for direct and allocated costs incurred by PRCM Advisers LLC on behalf of the Company. These direct and allocated costs totaled approximately $0.9 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The Company recognized $62,499 and $32,466 of compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, associated with the amortization of shares of restricted stock issued to the independent directors.
As of March 31, 2011, there were 33,249,000 publicly-held registered warrants to purchase up to 33,249,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Of the 33,249,000 warrants, 7,000,000 are beneficially owned by the founders of Capitol Acquisition Corp., or Capitol, the Company's TRS and 2,906,918 are beneficially owned by Nisswa Master Fund Ltd. and Nisswa Acquisition Master Fund Ltd., which are investment funds managed by Pine River. The Company is required to maintain a resale registration statement for the warrants and common stock issuable upon exercise thereof that are held by the founders, Nisswa Master Fund Ltd., and Nisswa Acquisition Master Fund Ltd.
Note 17. Subsequent Events
Events subsequent to March 31, 2011 were evaluated through the date these financial statements were issued.
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.
General
We are a Maryland corporation focused on investing in, financing and managing residential mortgage-backed securities, or RMBS, and related investments. We operate as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, as defined under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code.
We are externally managed by PRCM Advisers LLC. PRCM Advisers is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pine River Capital Management L.P., which we refer to as Pine River, a global multi-strategy asset management firm with an established track record of investing in our target assets and fixed income securities.
Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our stockholders over the long term, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. We selectively acquire and manage an investment portfolio of our target assets, which we believe is constructed to generate attractive returns through market cycles. We focus on security selection and implement a relative value investment approach across various sectors within the residential mortgage market. Our target assets include the following:
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• | Agency RMBS, meaning RMBS whose principal and interest payments are guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (or Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (or Fannie Mae), or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (or Freddie Mac); |
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• | Non-Agency RMBS, meaning RMBS that are not issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac; and |
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• | Financial assets other than RMBS, comprising approximately 5% to 10% of the portfolio. |
We seek to deploy moderate leverage as part of our investment strategy. We generally finance our target assets through short-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements.
We compete with other investment vehicles for attractive investment opportunities. We rely on our management team and Pine River, who have developed strong relationships with a diverse group of financial intermediaries, to identify investment opportunities. In addition, we have benefited and expect to continue to benefit from Pine River's analytical and portfolio management expertise and infrastructure. We believe that our focus on the RMBS area, the extensive RMBS expertise of our investment team, our strong analytics and our disciplined relative value investment approach give us a competitive advantage over our peers.
We have elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To qualify as a REIT we are required to meet certain investment and operating tests and annual distribution requirements. We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually distribute all of our net taxable income to stockholders, do not participate in prohibited transactions and maintain our intended qualification as a REIT. However, certain activities that we may perform may cause us to earn income which will not be qualifying income for REIT purposes. We have designated our subsidiary, Capitol, as a taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS, as defined in the Code, to engage in such activities, and we may in the future form additional TRSs. We also operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act.
Forward-Looking Statements
When used in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, in future filings with the SEC or in press releases or other written or oral communications, statements which are not historical in nature, including those containing words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “continue,” “intend,” “should,” “may” or similar expressions, are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the 1933 Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (or 1934 Act), and, as such, may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions.
Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, may be forward-looking: changes in interest rates and the market value of our RMBS; changes in the prepayment rates on the mortgage loans securing our RMBS; our ability to borrow to finance our assets; implementation of or changes in government regulations or programs affecting our business; our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes; our ability to maintain our exemption from registration under the 1940 Act; and risks associated with investing in real estate assets, including changes in
business conditions and the general economy. These and other risks, uncertainties and factors, including those described in the annual, quarterly and current reports that we file with the SEC, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time and it is not possible to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Factors Affecting our Operating Results
Our net interest income will include income from our RMBS portfolio and will reflect the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts. Net interest income will fluctuate primarily as a result of changes in market interest rates, our financing costs, and prepayment speeds on our assets. Interest rates, financing costs and prepayment rates vary according to the type of investment, conditions in the financial markets, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty. Our operating results will also be affected by default rates and credit losses with respect to the mortgage loans underlying our non-Agency RMBS.
Fair Value Measurement
ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between willing market participants at the measurement date. It also establishes three levels of input to be used when measuring fair value:
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Level 1 | Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the measurement date. Additionally, the entity must have the ability to access the active market and the quoted prices cannot be adjusted by the entity. |
| |
Level 2 | Inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means for substantially the full-term of the assets or liabilities. |
| |
Level 3 | Unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent management's best assumptions of how market participants would price the assets and liabilities. Generally, Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that require significant judgment or estimation. |
We follow the fair value hierarchy set forth above in order to prioritize the data utilized to measure fair value. We strive to obtain quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1 inputs). If Level 1 inputs are not available, we will attempt to obtain Level 2 inputs, observable market prices in inactive markets or derive the fair value measurement using observable market prices for similar assets or liabilities. When neither Level 1 nor Level 2 inputs are available, we use Level 3 inputs and independent pricing service models to estimate fair value measurements. At March 31, 2011, approximately 89.8% of total assets, or $3.3 billion, and $2.2 million of total liabilities consisted of financial instruments recorded at fair value. As of March 31, 2011, we had $9.1 million of total assets reported at fair value using Level 3 inputs. See Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for descriptions of valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models and significant assumptions utilized.
A significant portion of our assets and liabilities are at fair value and therefore our consolidated balance sheet and income statement are significantly affected by fluctuations in market prices. Although we execute various hedging strategies to mitigate our exposure to changes in fair value, we cannot fully eliminate our exposure to volatility caused by fluctuations in market prices. Starting in 2007, markets for asset-backed securities, including RMBS, have experienced severe dislocations. While these market disruptions continue, our assets and liabilities will be subject to valuation adjustment as well as changes in the inputs we use to measure fair value.
For the three months ended March 31, 2011, our unrealized fair value gains on interest rate swap agreements, which are accounted for as derivatives trading instruments under GAAP, positively affected our financial results. The change in fair value of the interest rate swaps was a result of changes to LIBOR and corresponding counterparty borrowing rates during the three months ended March 31, 2011. Our financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2011 were favorably affected by unrealized fair value gains on certain U.S. Treasuries classified as trading instruments due to their short-term investment objectives. In addition, our financial results were favorably affected by certain other derivative instruments entered into by us in the first three months of 2011 that were accounted for as trading derivative instruments, i.e., TBAs, credit default swaps and inverse interest-only securities. Any temporary change in the fair value of our
available-for-sale securities is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and does not impact our earnings.
We have numerous internal controls in place to help ensure the appropriateness of fair value measurements. Significant fair value measures are subject to detailed analytics, management review and approval. Our entire investment portfolio is priced by third-party brokers at the “bid side” of the market, and/or by independent pricing providers. We strive to obtain multiple market data points for each valuation. By utilizing “bid side” pricing, certain assets, especially the most recent purchases, may realize a markdown due to the “bid-offer” spread. To the extent that this occurs, any economic effect of this would be reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income. We back test the fair value measurements provided by the pricing providers against actual performance. We also monitor the market for recent trades, market surveys, or other market information that may be used to benchmark pricing provider inputs.
Considerable judgment is used in forming conclusions and estimating inputs to our Level 3 fair value measurements. Level 3 inputs such as interest rate movements, prepayments speeds, credit losses and discount rates are inherently difficult to estimate. Changes to these inputs can have a significant effect on fair value measurements. Accordingly, we cannot be assured that our estimates of fair value are indicative of the amounts that would be realized on the ultimate sale or exchange.
Market Conditions and Outlook
The first three months of 2011 continued to experience regulatory developments in an effort to stabilize economic conditions and increase liquidity in the financial markets. Most recently, in a February 2011 report released by the Department of Treasury and the Department of Housing and Urban Development, three paths were outlined to reform the GSEs, all of which could drastically change the landscape of the U.S. mortgage market. Again, while the reform could take several years to implement, we do expect that there will be opportunities for RMBS investors in 2011 as this develops.
We believe our blended Agency and non-Agency strategies, and our investing expertise, will allow us to navigate the dynamic characteristics of the RMBS environment while these and any future regulatory efforts take shape. Having a diversified portfolio allows us to balance risks, including the volatility and impacts generated by uncertainty in interest rates, changes in prepayments, changes in home prices and homeowner default rates.
We expect that the majority of our assets will remain in whole-pool Agency RMBS, due to the long-term attractiveness of the asset class and the need to preserve our exemption under the 1940 Act. Interest-only Agency securities also provide a complementary investment and risk-management strategy to our principal and interest Agency bond investments. Risk-adjusted returns in our Agency RMBS portfolio may decline if we are required to pay higher purchase premiums due to lower interest rates or additional liquidity in the market.
The following table provides the carrying value of our RMBS portfolio by product type:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 |
Agency Bonds | | | | | | | |
Fixed Rate Bonds | $ | 2,093,520 | | | 72.6 | % | | $ | 746,957 | | | 55.1 | % |
Hybrid ARMs | 264,468 | | | 9.2 | % | | 269,512 | | | 19.9 | % |
Total Agency | 2,357,988 | | | 81.8 | % | | 1,016,469 | | | 75.0 | % |
Non-Agency Bonds | | | | | | | |
Senior Bonds | 426,495 | | | 14.8 | % | | 268,161 | | | 19.8 | % |
Mezzanine Bonds | 98,509 | | | 3.4 | % | | 69,775 | | | 5.2 | % |
Total Non-Agency | 525,004 | | | 18.2 | % | | 337,936 | | | 25.0 | % |
Total | $ | 2,882,992 | | | | | $ | 1,354,405 | | | |
Prepayment speeds and volatility due to interest rates
We do not expect housing prices to fully stabilize in 2011 and this, combined with persistently high unemployment rates, housing inventory increases and the potential end of government support, leads us to expect that there will not be a significant increase in prepayment speeds in 2011. Nonetheless, we believe our portfolio approach is well positioned to respond to a variety of market scenarios.
Although we are unable to predict the movement in interest rates for the remainder of 2011 and beyond, our blended Agency and non-Agency portfolio strategy is intended to generate attractive yields with a low level of sensitivity to yield
curve, prepayments and interest rate cycles. Our portfolio has a mixture of fixed and hybrid/adjustable rate terms, which we use to manage interest rate risk.
Our Agency bond portfolio is subject to inherent prepayment risk: generally, a decline in interest rates that leads to rising prepayment speeds will cause the market value of our interest-only securities to deteriorate, but will cause the market value of our fixed coupon Agency pools to increase. The inverse relationship occurs when interest rates increase and prepayments slow. We hold a portfolio of Agency securities, which includes bonds with explicit prepayment protection, low loan balances (securities collateralized by loans of less than or equal to $175,000 in principal), high loan-to-value, or LTV, ratios (securities collateralized by loans with greater or equal to 80% LTV), and seasoned bonds reflecting less prepayment risk due to previously experienced high levels of refinancing. We believe these bond characteristics reduce the prepayment risk to the portfolio. We also hold low coupon 15-year pools purchased at a discount to par value, which would benefit from rising prepayment speeds.
The following table provides the carrying value of our Agency bond portfolio by vintage and prepayment protection: